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Toa Payoh Vets Clinical
Research
Making veterinary surgery alive
to a veterinary student studying in Australia
using real case studies and pictures |
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INJECTABLE
ANAESTHETICS IN SIEM REAP,
CAMBODIA
Dr Sing Kong Yuen,
BVMS (Glasgow), MRCVS
First written: Jan 16, 2010 |
 toapayohvets.com
Be Kind To Pets
Veterinary Education
Project 2010-0004
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Thursday, Jan 14, 2010. I visited
The No. 1 Animal Place, 645 Hup Guan Street, Siem Reap, Cambodia
today.
I thought it was a pet shop with
fishes, birds, rabbits and
hamsters for sale. Puppies and
kittens are never sold here. The
operating room is upstairs. The
following is practical anaesthetic
knowledge shared by an English
lady vet graduated from London.
The following is my record of what
she used:
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DOGS
Xylazine 2% 0.05ml/kg
Ketamine 5% 0.3 ml/kg (human
ketamine is 5% i.e. 50mg/100
ml unlike veterinary
ketamine which is available
as 10%).
Separate syringes, one
injection another instead of
waiting 15 minutes as this
was found to be more
effective. IM injection.
Onset 10-15 minutes (to
sleep)
Duration 20-25 minutes
(before topping up)
Top up: Mix above 2 drugs in
one syringe and give at half
dose. |
DR SING'S DISCUSSION
WITH THE ENGLISH VET
An example:
DOG, 5 kg Jack
Russell
Xylazine 2% @ 0.25 ml
IM
Ketamine 5% @ 1.5 ml
IM (For me, it should
be 0.75ml for 10%
ketamine I use).
Worked very well for
her. Recovery is
smooth.
Separate syringes.
Ketamine 1.5 ml is
large amount.
It stings and is
painful for dog. Dog
bites. Muzzle dog.
Top up, use one
syringe.
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As I don't use above
for dogs, I am happy
to receive her
valuable feedback. I
use Xylazine 2% at
0.2ml IM, Wait 5-10
minutes and gas mask
isoflurane and
intubate. |
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CATS
Xylazine 2% 0.1ml/kg
ketamine 5% 0.2 ml/kg
Both drugs in one syringe
Onset 5 minutes
Duration 45 minutes
Top up: Mix 2 drugs in one
syringe and inject.
Disadvantage: Wakes up
suddenly. Wait 5 minutes
before proceeding to
surgery. Takes a long time
to wake up. Vomiting. Tends
to vomit with dogs and cats
even on empty stomachs. For
sick cats, the dosage is
reduced by 1/3.
REVERSAL
Yohimbine use in cats to
wake them up sooner. No need
to use in dogs in her cases.
Rapid recovery was obtained
with Yohimbine in cats in
her experience. Is it
possible that her xylazine
dosage was higher such that
the cats take a longer time
to be mobile? See Discussion
below. |
DR SING'S DISCUSSION
WITH THE ENGLISH VET
CATS around 2 kg in
Singapore Toa Payoh
Vets,
www.toapayohvets.com
I use Xylazine 2% @
0.1ml and Ketamine 10%
@ 0.4 ml in one
syringe IM
Onset 5 minutes
Duration 20 minutes
Comparing this to the
English vet's formula
for a 2-kg cat,
she would use
Xylazine 2% @ 0.2 ml
Ketamine 5% @ 0.4 ml
(Since I use 10%, this
would be equivalent to
0.2 ml)
Her dosage permits her
a longer duration of
45 minutes. She needed
15 min pre-op. She
needed a reversal drug
which i don't need.
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That meant she used
xylazine 2% @ 0.2 ml
and ketamine 10% @ 0.2
ml If we compare
apples to
apples. My
formula will be 2% at 0.1 ml
and ketamine 10% at
0.4 ml and recovery on
sternal
recumbency is
much earlier at
<30 minutes.
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RABBIT
Injectable Anaesthesia
In a practice in England,
the following is used for
anaesthesia, according to
the English vet:
Domitor 0.1 mg/kg
Ketamine 10% @ 10mg/kg
Torbugesic 0.5mg/kg
In one syringe.
Need to monitor rabbit.
Stops breathing. Give
reversal Antisedan.
Sedation
Domitor 0.1 mg/kg
Ketamine 10% @ 5mg/kg
Torbugesic 0.5 mg/kg
In one syringe. |
Rabbits do not need to
be starved prior to
anaesthesia unlike
dogs and cats since
they are incapable of
vomiting and the most
common post-op problem
is intestinal stasis.
They should be given
hay as soon as
possible to prevent
post-operative ileus
or gut stasis.
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I use Domitor
0.1 ml IV
ear vein for
rabbits around 2 kg. I
top up with
isoflurane gas
for a 2-3 kg
rabbit
anaesthesia. Or
0.1 ml Zoletil
50 IM and top up
with isoflurane
gas.
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NOTES: Torbugesic
(butorphanol) produces
additive effects when
used with other
sedative or analgesic
drugs. In horses, 0.1
mg of butorphanol/kg
IV is recommended for
the alleviation of
visceral pain.
Ketamine is a
dissociative drug that
is analgesic and does
NOT depress
cardiovascular
function. Xylazine
causes muscle
relaxation, sedation
and analgesia.
Molar spur trimming
(injectable
anaesthesia sufficient
without gas
anaesthesia or just
gas anaesthesia).
A common drug
combination in rabbit
anesthesia is
butorphanol
(Torbugesic) and
midazolam (Versed).
Butorphanol is an
opiod with analgesic
(pain-killing) and
sedative properties.
Midazolam is related
to diazepam and
produces sedation and
muscle relaxation.
Anaesthetic induction
can be gas or a
combination of
ketamine, midazolam
and xylazine. Propofol
is a new drug that is
expensive but
relatively safe. It is
not known how it
works. |
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Spaying and neutering are
not popular in Siem Reap in
2009. The majority of the
locals don't vaccinate, spay
or neuter nor feed
commercial dog food.
Parvovirus is rampant from
puppies imported from
Thailand. The small animals
at this Shop is part of the
business model to get
clients coming in. In
Singapore, it will not be
permitted if there is no
separate entrance for the
pet shop and vet surgery
premises. A thriving fully
equipped vet practice in
Phnom Pem has been started
by a French vet for many
years.
In many towns in Cambodia
and Myanmar where dogs, cats
and other small animals do
not rank high as family as
in developed countries, it
will be too
expensive to set up a gas
anaesthesia machine for
small animals. Therefore
injectable anaesthesia is
commonly used by the local
vets.
SOME RABBIT REFERENCES
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/ileus.html
- Ileus in Rabbits
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/dental.html
- Dental Problems in Rabbits
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/urinary.html
- Urinary Problems in
Rabbits
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/sneezing.html
- Respiratory Problems in
Rabbits
http://www.bio.miami.edu/hare/tilt.html
- Head Tilt in Rabbits |
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Be Kind To Pets
Veterinary Education
Project 2010-0004
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All rights reserved. Revised: January 17, 2010
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