PART II. Sharing Knowledge with
Veterinarians
Anaesthetic Procedures in TOA PAYOH VETS, SINGAPORE.
Recently, some owners asked me why there were no antibiotics
given after sterilisation of their male cats.
Generally, no pain-killers or antibiotics are given to your male and
female cats post-operation from Toa Payoh Vets for cases operated by Dr
Sing as experience indicates that they are not necessary. Many
owners find it hard to give oral medication to cats.
In big
dogs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pain-killer and antibiotics may be prescribed after spay.
Typical anaesthetic regimes for cats living and born in Singapore
are shared with fellow veterinarians by Dr Sing Kong Yuen.
Some vets may seek such internet information. They are
as follows as at Feb 1, 2009:
For Dr Sing's cases at Toa Payoh Vets, the anaesthetic regime is
usually:
Xylazine & Ketamine injectable anaesthesia are used for cats.
Dosage is xylazine 20 mg/100 ml at 0.2 ml mixed with ketamine 100
mg/ml 0.8 ml in 1 syringe, IM injection. This dosage is most effective for a cat around
2-4 kg.
Onset of anaesthesia is 2 minutes after IM injection in most cases.
Duration of surgical anaesthesia is at least 30 minutes.
For fat cats or young ones less than 2 kg, half the above dose is
sufficient but surgical anaesthesia is less than 10 minutes compared
to 30 minutes in above full dose. If necessary, isoflurane anaesthetic gas
at 5% is
given by mask for one minute to effect to complete the surgery.
Xylazine & isoflurane gas anaesthesia or gas anaesthesia alone are usually used for
dogs by me as I find them to be most effective. I want the
patient to wake up within 1 minute at the end of surgery.
For injectable anaesthetics, the patient sleeps a long time
and this has advantages and disadvantages. Many owners are
happy that their pets are already awake after surgery.
Please note that the xylazine solution I used is 5X less
potent than that used for the Zoletil combination at NANAS. It is
20 mg/100 ml xylazine, not 100 mg/ml which is the bottle usually
used for horses
Toa Payoh Vets do use Domitor, Antisedan, Zoletil
anaesthetic protocols as well. Experiences are
recorded in other webpages and I don't have time to compile
them in one webpage presently.
INCISION SITE.
In NANAS, I observed that the incision begins at the
middle 1/3 area between the umbilical scar and the pelvic
brim. Cats I observed were around 6 months of age. The
cat's tongue was pulled out to one side of the mouth to prevent vomitus from being swallowed. Bladder
was expressed so that the
bladder would not be nicked.
At Toa Payoh Vets, I incise at the cranial 1/3 area, at 1 cm
from the umbilical scar in dogs and cats. This position
enables me to easily access and ligate the swollen "on-heat"
ovaries easily, especially in dogs. Palpate for the full
bladder and express it free from urine before spaying.
Be careful not to nick the full bladder. Seldom do I encounter
a full bladder at this location but there needs to be care in
incising the linear alba in case the bladder is just below. Palpate
the abdomen first to check for the bladder and express the urine.
PART III. Sharing Knowledge with
Veterinarians
Anaesthetic Procedures in one Singapore veterinary practice
I have insufficient
experience with the following anaesthetic regimes but am
recording the procedures based on information provided to me
by one vet with considerable experience in the following
anaesthetic protocol without the need to use gaseous
anaesthesia as at Feb 2009.
1. Xylazine 20 & Ketamine 100.
1.1 For example in a Jack Russell, 5 kg dog.
1-5 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 0.4 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.1 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM injection if
necessary
1.2 For example in a Jack Russell, 6 kg dog.
1-5 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 0.4 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.2 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM injection if
necessary
1.3 For example in a Jack Russell, 10 kg dog.
1-5 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 0.8 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.2 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM injection if
necessary
1.4 For example in a Jack Russell, 15 kg dog.
1-5 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 1.3 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.2 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM injection if
necessary
1.5 For example in a
Jack Russell, 20 kg dog. 1-5 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 1.6 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.4 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM injection if
necessary
1.6 For example in a Jack Russell, 2.5 kg dog.
10 years old.
Xylazine 20 at 0.2 ml IV, Ketamine 100 at 0.05 ml IV.
Separate syringes. Then top up with Zoletil IM or IV injection if
necessary
2. TOPPING UP WITH ZOLETIL when the animal shows
signs of movement and recovering from surgical anaesthesia
from the xylazine/ketamine combination.
Zoletil 100 powder. Add 10 ml diluent. The solution is
equivalent to Zoletil 50 now.
Use 0.1ml Zoletil 50 IM for small breeds
Use 0.2 ml Zoletil 50 IM for big breeds (20 kg)
Topping up with Zoletil IM in the above protocols is
effective. The above is useful for vet surgeries without gas
anaesthesia or in field work. It is much more expensive to
install gas anaesthesia in certain situations and I hope the
above information will be of use for practitioners. Obviously,
the older dogs and cats will need half the dose and there is a
need to be very careful with injectable anaesthetics. It may
be best to refer to other vets with gas anaesthesia
facilities, in the best interest of the animal.
CASES IN MAY 2009 AT TOA PAYOH VETS
RABBIT INJECTABLE ANAESTHESIA
1.3 kg. Around 4-5 months old. Neuter.
0.1ml Zoletil 50 IM. Wait 5 minutes. Give 0.05ml
Domitor IV ear vein, 27G needle. Effective
general anaesthesia. Rabbit takes >1 hour to wake up. No
problem. No need for Antisedan.
CATS INJECTABLE ANAESTHESIA
2 kg. Around 8 months
0.1ml Ketamine 100 and 0.05ml Xylazine 20 IV in
one syringe gave general anaesthesia >60 minutes for spay.
2.5 kg. Around
1 year
0.1ml Ketamine 100 and 0.1ml Xylazine 20 IV in one
syringe gave general anaesthesia >60 minutes for spay. Femoral
vein used.
TOA
PAYOH VETS
